Agricultural systems occupy almost half of Earth’s habitable surface, create more than a quarter of global emissions, and support the livelihoods of over a billion people. Agricultural products have large variation across their environmental impacts, which can differ by an order of magnitude or more. In this lecture, Dr. Hayek will present his research on the greenhouse gas and land use impacts of agriculture. This talk will also demystify the science of accounting for these impacts, and touch on material sources from agriculture and beyond, including petroleum-derived materials, fungus/mycoproteins, and cell-cultured biological materials in the future bioeconomy. Lastly, this talk will discuss avenues forward that can reduce carbon footprints, restore habitats back to biodiverse wildlife, and draw down carbon to mitigate climate change. This talk aims to introduce a more interconnected view of material sustainability, which takes whole regional and global land systems into account, beyond individual farms, factories, and supply chains.